PENGERTIAN
Ensefalitis adalah infeksi yang mengenai CNS yang disebabkan oleh virus atau mikro organisme lain yang non purulent.
PATOGENESIS ENSEFALITIS
Virus masuk tubuh pasien melalui kulit,saluran nafas dan saluran cerna.setelah masuk ke dalam tubuh,virus akan menyebar ke seluruh tubuh dengan beberapa cara:
Setempat:virus alirannya terbatas menginfeksi selaput lendir permukaan atau organ tertentu.
Penyebaran hematogen primer:virus masuk ke dalam darah
Kemudian menyebar ke organ dan berkembang biak di organ tersebut.
Penyebaran melalui saraf-saraf : virus berkembang biak di
Permukaan selaput lendir dan menyebar melalui sistem saraf.
Masa Prodromal berlangsung 1-4 hari ditandai dengan demam, sakit kepala, pusing, muntah, nyeri tenggorokan, malaise, nyeri ekstremintas dan pucat .
Gejala lain berupa gelisah, iritabel, perubahan perilaku, gamgguan kesadaran, kejang.
Kadang-kadang disertai tanda Neurologis tokal berupa Afasia, Hemifaresis, Hemiplegia, Ataksia, Paralisis syaraf otak.
Selanjutnya Download Askep Anak Encephalitis : di sini
Encephalitis
Encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain parenchyma, presents as diffuse and/or focal neuropsychological dysfunction. From an epidemiologic and pathophysiologic perspective, encephalitis is distinct from meningitis, though on clinical evaluation the 2 often coexist with signs and symptoms of meningeal inflammation, such as photophobia, headache, or a stiff neck.
emedicine.medscape.com
Sign and Symptoms
Patients with encephalitis suffer from fever, headache and photophobia with weakness and seizures also common. Less commonly, stiffness of the neck (nuchal rigidity) can occur with rare cases of patients also suffering from stiffness of the limbs, slowness in movement and clumsiness depending on which specific part of the brain is involved. Nuchal rigidity may lead to a misdiagnosis of meningitis, but treatment is the same. The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of the infection. Other symptoms can include drowsiness and coughing.
Treatment
Treatment is usually symptomatic. Reliably tested specific antiviral agents are available only for a few viral agents (e.g. acyclovir for herpes simplex virus) and are used with limited success for most infection except herpes simplex encephalitis. In patients who are very sick, supportive treatment, such as mechanical ventilation, is equally important. Corticosteroids (e.g. methylprednisolone) are used to reduce brain swelling and inflammation. Sedatives may be needed for irritability or restlessness. Anticonvulsants are used to prevent seizures.
wikipedia